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3 current situation of China's packaging and printing development

3.1 overview of China's packaging and printing development

according to relevant data, by the end of 2002, China had about 1 million employees engaged in packaging and printing, with a total industrial output value of about 63 billion yuan and about 30000 enterprises, including about 1800 state-owned enterprises, accounting for 6%; There are about 7800 collective enterprises, accounting for 26%; 1200 foreign-funded enterprises, accounting for 4%; There are about 19200 joint-stock companies and private enterprises, accounting for 64%. 3.2 the characteristics of packaging and printing in China

(1) the packaging and printing industry showed a rapid development trend

according to the data, the total output value of China's packaging and printing industry was about 56billion yuan in 2001, and increased by about 12% in 2002, reaching 63billion yuan; The main economic indicators of 42 backbone enterprises in the printing machinery industry have been rising since 2000, with an average annual development rate of more than 16.8%. The packaging and printing industry is indeed a "sunrise industry" with rapid development [1]

spring steel, etc. (2) diversification of investment subjects

in the era of planned economy, the packaging and printing industry is an industrial ownership pattern dominated by state-owned enterprises and supplemented by collective enterprises. Since the mid and late 1980s, township enterprises have gradually stepped into this industry through joint ventures with state-owned enterprises. Since the 1990s, foreign-funded enterprises have crowded into the Chinese Mainland market, while private enterprises have developed a lot. In the 21st century, a large number of state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises have reformed and restructured in order to better meet the competitive needs of the market economy and get rid of the enterprise burden and burden caused by the system for a long time. From the overview, we can see that state-owned enterprises and collective enterprises are gradually disappearing from the packaging and printing industry market. For example, Shanghai packaging (Group) Co., Ltd. (now Shanghai packaging and paper (Group) Co., Ltd.), Zhejiang paper and printing industry group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou packaging and Printing Group Co., Ltd. and Beijing Printing Group Co., Ltd., which were formerly famous state-owned packaging and printing enterprises in China, are actively promoting reform, restructuring and reorganization, so as to revive their former glory and establish their position in the industry. The proportion of joint-stock enterprises has increased significantly, including foreign-funded enterprises with international advanced market ideas and successful management experience, as well as dynamic private enterprises with rapid and sensitive market response ability. At the beginning of this century, China's packaging and printing industry has initially formed an industrial pattern with different types, different levels, state-owned, collective, private, joint-stock, foreign-funded and other economic sectors of ownership coexisting. This pattern will be more conducive to fair competition among enterprises and market standardization

(3) printing categories are complete, and printing equipment and enterprise management are gradually modernized

before the 1980s, China's packaging printing was dominated by relief printing. In the early 1980s, offset printing was opened, and its internal structure can be clearly seen to develop rapidly, gradually replacing relief printing in many product printing; Gravure printing rose abruptly in the late 1980s. With its excellent printing quality and high printing efficiency, it grew rapidly and matured in China's printing market; In the 1990s, flexographic printing began to become a new favorite in packaging printing. Although flexographic printing only accounts for about 3% of China's packaging printing so far, its growth rate is very amazing. In just over 10 years, it has risen rapidly from a few to hundreds. With the rapid development of flexographic printing, plate printing is also widely used in the printing process of many packaging printing products, which greatly expands the application scope of printing and becomes an important printing means in refined packaging printing products. Therefore, at present, packaging printing in China has basically realized the transformation from a single printing method to a variety of printing methods with complete categories. Among them, the proportion of relief printing in the whole printing has decreased from about 70% in the early 1980s to 24%, while offset printing has increased to 44%, gravure printing accounts for 20%, flexo printing accounts for 3%, and others account for 9%

compared with the past, China's current printing equipment level has also been significantly improved, and the speed of technological transformation has been accelerated. According to relevant data, China imported more than US $1billion of various printing machines in 2002, including 785 sheet fed offset presses, about US $340million. From the perspective of domestic printing machinery industry, the industrial sales output value of the whole industry in 2002 was about 3 billion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of about 12% [1]. Except for the export of more than 100million yuan, the rest are basically sold domestically. The overall manufacturing level of the domestic printing machinery industry has also made great progress compared with the past. Therefore, the improvement of the technical level of domestic printing machines and the growth of sales have effectively improved the equipment level of the packaging and printing industry

while improving the level of equipment, the management of many packaging and printing enterprises in China is also making rapid progress. Due to the intensification of competition in the industry, enterprises are forced not only to strengthen technological transformation and improve the hardware level, but also to improve their software level and comprehensive competitiveness by strengthening enterprise management. Many enterprises, especially the packaging and printing enterprises in coastal areas, when many people have not figured out what ERP means, They have combined the ERP software imported from abroad or produced at home with the management practice of the enterprise, and realized the enterprise management informatization earlier. For example, Shanghai Jielong Industrial Co., Ltd., Shanghai Zijiang group, Beijing Dida color printing factory, Zhejiang Nanfang Printing Co., Ltd. have made relatively successful explorations and attempts

(synchronized with the high international level; 4) the construction of packaging and printing parks has become a hot spot

in order to give full play to the agglomeration effect and economies of scale, local governments have made great efforts to enclose land, ranging from dozens of acres to thousands of acres, and the construction of packaging and printing parks has become a hot spot for a time. For example, the packaging and printing base in Zhongshan, Guangdong Province has gathered 26 packaging and printing enterprises, with an annual output value of 2.5 billion yuan and a profit and tax of 250million yuan; At present, there are more than 1000 large and small packaging and printing enterprises in the printing city of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, with an annual output value of about 6billion yuan [1]. In addition, there are "China's flexible packaging production base" in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, "packaging and printing city" in Shanghai, and "plastic packaging and printing production base in northern China" in Hebei xiongpu, a polymer with strong flammability like other organic high molecular materials

(5) fierce competition among enterprises

in the mid-1970s, the packaging and printing industry in China was a small industry that the government did not attach importance to. Since the government investigated the industry through the packaging comparison of domestic and foreign products, and reached the conclusion of "first-class products, second-class packaging, third-class price", the packaging and printing industry has attracted the attention of the government and formulated a series of policies to encourage development. At that time, there were not many packaging and printing enterprises, and there were fewer large-scale ones. Therefore, the business of enterprises was full and profitable. For example, the profit margin of Shanghai concave convex color printing factory and people's printing No. 8 factory was more than 35%, which was much higher than the social average profit margin. Industries with high profit margins will inevitably attract enterprises from other sectors of society to join. Over the past 20 years, the number of packaging and printing enterprises in China has increased nearly 10 times. The joining of a large number of enterprises has accelerated the development of the industry and intensified the competition in the industry. Competition not only promotes the technological transformation of enterprises, personnel training, business management, product and service quality improvement, but also significantly reduces the profit margin of packaging and printing. The change of printing price can best explain the problem. The original order price of each color was about 30-40 yuan, but now it is generally about 25 yuan, and the low one has even been reduced to about 15 yuan. According to many experts in the industry, the price of 15 yuan is unprofitable and should be a loss making operation. This vicious low price competition is likely to contain unfair competition factors such as shoddy goods, tax evasion and local protection. Therefore, this kind of competition is very cruel and disorderly. It will inevitably damage the interests of all enterprises in the industry and eventually affect the healthy development of the whole industry

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information source: China plastic packaging information